The story of good beer is a familiar one: A craft brewery run by a bearded creative with an independent streak puts out unique brews. The passion to start the brewery came from being unsatisfied with the major American market of macro lagers, which led to home brewing, then to a local brewery, and then to a larger brewery with real distribution and influence. The beer does well because it’s bold, hoppy and different from the blue and white 30-racks lining grocery store shelves and beer fridges.
But as picturesque as that sounds, the route to good beer starts much, much earlier. Your favorite craft beer starts with hop farmers and their fields — more likely than not in Yakima, Washington. The farmers and their companies aren’t getting credit for the decade and a half of explosive craft beer growth, even though the industry grew on the hopped-up flavors of big IPAs. The farmers aren’t complaining, though. Many families have been in the business for generations, and they’re satisfied knowing that good beer starts with good ingredients.
It’s impossible to truly understand the rise of craft beer without understanding the importance of the relationship between brewer and hop farmer. For every superstar brewery sticking it to the man, there’s a farmer working the land. Forget the latter part of that equation, and you forget that beer doesn’t simply come from cans and taps, it comes from a collaboration between farmer and brewer.
Jeremy Kosmicki, Dave Powell and Dave Engbers — Founders’ brewmaster, brewer, and cofounder — broke into a brewer’s block of hops at CLS Farms. Each man grabbed a handful of dry hop cones, rubbed their hands together to warm the hops and release the aromas, and then inhaled.
Eric Desmarais, the owner of CLS Farms, told them that the first block they smelled paired perfectly when mixed with the second block set out. Kosmicki laughed, made a joke about people not being able to make a decision on what they like, and then brushed the sticky green hop residue off his hands as best he could. The three men broke into the second one and smelled it. Then they mixed the two and smelled them both together.
Desmarais was right.
Kosmicki and the Founders crew — which on that trip also included Founders vice president of wholesale development Michael Bell and social media specialist Steve Cummings — know how important it is to land the right combination of hops. The whole craft IPA movement is based on hop flavors from the unique to the reliable, and finding the right mix isn’t easy. There are more than 170 different varieties of hops in the world, and no one knows them better than the farmers who grow them.
Just as the brewer’s home is in the brewery, the hop farmer’s home is in between the rows of 18-foot hop bines and processing plants. Farm owners are looking for what brewers (and consumers) want: citrus, pine, tropical fruit, pineapple. Each variety offers something just a touch different, whether it’s Emerald’s strong grapefruit, Citra’s lemons, or Mosaic’s peach, blueberry and tropical fruit notes. Hell, there are even hops that give off an “OG” aroma, or “onion and garlic.” And when you’re the size of Founders — which has a production capacity of nearly one million barrels of beer a year — you need hops to consistently deliver on flavor, aroma and volume.
Each type of hop delivers on different levels depending on the type, and not all farmers can grow all types of hops (some are proprietary, meaning only the people licensed to grow them can). If there’s a falling-out in the relationship between the farm and the brewery, or there’s a dispute over price that can’t be resolved, it can affect the entire beer-making process. The slogan for Roy Farms, one of the largest hop farms in Yakima, says it best: “No farm — no beer.”
CLS, like many hop farms in Yakima, processes, dries and bales the hops it grows. The processing plant sits in the middle of the fields. It’s humid inside the drying room and smells like the foam off a fresh IPA. A constant hum of hops cascading off a beltway and onto the drying room floor plays in the background.
“There are a few looks I never get tired of,” Engbers said to no one in particular. “It’s almost like when you get everyone around a fire.”
For the past six years, Kosmicki, Engbers, and other members of the Founders staff have made the 2,000-mile trip from Grand Rapids, Michigan, to Yakima. They aren’t alone. During the same week as Founders, brewers from Dogfish Head, Sierra Nevada and other breweries that make up the who’s who list of the craft-brewing world were making the rounds. Cummings noticed that as he left one farm, brewers from Coors were going in. Hopsteiner Farms, another place I visited with the Founders crew, had between 500 and 600 people visit during the harvest of 2016, Bill Elkins, Hopsteiner’s West Coast sales representative, told me.
Elkins has been working with hops since 1987. He’s always seen a relationship between the brewer and the grower, but it has never been as direct as it has over the past decade.
“The craft industry and the sheer number of brewers, they’re less corporate than some of the traditional customers for hops worldwide, and they seem to be more interested in connecting on a one-to-one basis with the producer,” Elkins said.
In Yakima, where some 77 percent of the total hops in the United States are produced, the history leading up to this point goes way back.
The Yakima Valley website Spirits and Hops Trail dates the first hop farm to 1872 and a man named Charles Carpenter. In 1876, Yakima produced 80 bales of hops. By 1890, Yakima County was crucial to hop production in Washington, nine years before it became a state.
Hop farming, like every alcohol-related product in the United States, faced dire times from the 1920s to the 1940s. Prohibition did a number on hop farms, as they had to rely solely on exports. Fortunately, the world market recognized Yakima hops and the industry survived. Yakima is still recognized today, and two-thirds of the hops grown there are shipped out to the international market.
“If you’re not picking out the best hops, you’re getting what’s left from what people haven’t picked.” — Jeremy Kosmicki, Founders Brewmaster.
The American craft brewers who visit, however, have changed the scene dramatically.
“Before we had these direct relationships,” Kosmicki told me, “one of my vendors brought up the idea of hop selection. I was like, ‘Selection? Why?’ I didn’t know what he was talking about.”
The discussion happened some eight years ago, before company-sponsored trips to Yakima became a tradition.
“You start to think about it, and you realize that all hops are good, but there’s definitely a difference, and subtle nuances there can make a big difference,” Kosmicki said. “It’s an agricultural product, so it’s dependent on where it’s grown, and if you’re not picking out the best hops, you’re getting what’s left from what people haven’t picked.”
As I walked through Hopsteiner’s experimental field, where farmers spend around a decade cultivating a single new strain, I spoke with a farmer whose family had been in the hop business for three generations. He worked the hop fields growing up just like his father did, harvesting by hand and getting paid by the bine. A lot has changed since then — technology-wise as well as the general attitude toward hoppy beer.
With that attitude change came a change in the importance of hops in the final product.
Hops are held to a different standard than the other ingredients that go into a beer. At beer’s most basic, it is made of water, grains, yeast and hops. Beer can be made with nearly any grain — including wheat, corn, rice and barley — and each imparts it own subtle flavor characteristics.
You won’t find brewers walking through rice paddies and amber waves of grain. Towering rows of hops, on the other hand, are a different story.
I didn’t know what type of relationship I would be privy to when I made it to Yakima to meet Kosmicki and the rest of the guys from Founders. I knew I would smell some hops, visit some fields and production plants, and drink beer. What I didn’t imagine was the comfort and mutual know-how between the work of hop farmers and the work of brewers. Another surprise: the rock-star treatment the brewers from Founders got as they went from farm to farm.
I got a taste of the latter on the very first night. At Bale Breaker, a brewery in Yakima that sits in the middle of a commercial hop farm and serves some of the best beer I had in Washington, the Founders crew was like royalty. We toured inside the brewery, where head brewer Kevin Smith and his brother Patrick, who manages the hop farm, showed us where they experiment with different brews and talked about how much the brewery has grown since the last time Kosmicki was there.
A Founders sticker was plastered front and center on the brewery fridge, and everyone geeked out hard. Each successive trip to a hop farm was a similar experience: Founders stickers front and center, a brief catching up on life and work, and a delivery of 15-pack cases of All Day IPA welcomed with open arms (distribution of All Day hasn’t made it out to Yakima).
“Drinking a beer, you don’t think about this. Just like how you don’t think about the brewing process when you don’t see the brewery.” — Cherie Seinmetz, CLS Farms
All this despite the fact that the hop farms were in the middle of their busiest time of year. During the five weeks of harvest, the setting sun doesn’t stop the work. It’s a continuous cycle of harvesting, destemming, drying and baling until all that’s left is the twine that holds the bines up. The extremely small harvest window is also the best time for brewers to get an early sense of what will be shipped to them in the following months.
“The part of the world not in agriculture doesn’t see the hands on labor it takes to get the quality they expect,” Cherie Steinmetz, who grew up in the hop fields of Yakima and now works with CLS Farms, told me. We were standing next to drying hops, a warm retreat from the brisk September morning air. “Drinking a beer, you don’t think about this. Just like how you don’t think about the brewing process when you don’t see the brewery.”
When the harvest season ends and a slower pace of life takes over in Yakima, it’s the farmers’ turn to visit the brewers. The two-way relationship breeds a better understanding of the whole process.
“You get a bigger picture,” Steinmetz said about her most recent trip to Grand Rapids to see the Founders brewery. “You get caught up in the daily grind during harvest, but you go there and they treat you so special, then when you come back, you realize someone else is just as passionate on the other side.”
It’s hard to underestimate the importance of agriculture in the beer business. Who imagines a world of tractors and dust clouds while crushing a beer at a tailgate, or sampling a flight from the tap? Yet it all starts in the dirt, and while the end consumer doesn’t think of the farmers, the brewers do.
The beer world has changed dramatically in the past 20 years. Craft beer is booming, there are more breweries in the United States than ever before (although not the most per capita, so there’s still room for growth). The big beer companies are bigger than ever. Beer, once defined by middle America and blue collar workers, is now a gastronomic centerpiece. It’s still a more casual everyday drink than something like wine, but beer-drinking culture has picked up steam with tasting menus and special releases.
“For the first 10 years of my career I was thinking, ‘Is this a fad? Is this going to go away at any time now?’” Kosmicki told me over dinner. “And it got to a point where I was like, ‘Wow, this is pretty serious.’”
With that established market of flavor-seeking consumers, the brewers need increasingly distinctive beers.
“I think we’ll continue to grow, and it’ll become even more the norm,” Kosmicki said. “Macro beer sells as well as it does because it’s pretty bland in flavor, and I think generally, Americans are drawn to more bland shit.” And while there’s a time and a place for every beer, Kosmicki said, “in food and drinks in general, there’s a lot more discerning taste.”
The consumer will probably never know all about the hop farms and the brewer-farmer relationship. Frankly, they don’t really need to. But it is clear that without that relationship, the craft market would start to dry up.
At the Hopsteiner dinner on my last night in Yakima, the beer was flowing. I sat across from Stephen Rich from the soon-to-be-open Cowbell Brewing in Canada. He later wrote a blog post about his trip and the process of hop selection, where he epitomized the importance that relationships play even in the very early years of a brewery.
“Everyone we met along the way (was) fantastically passionate about hops and farming,” Rich writes, “I think this is the beginning of a beautiful friendship.”
Yes, the business side of craft brewing has practically made that friendship a necessity rather than a luxury. But there’s a good argument that brewing should have always been this way — collaboration on all fronts builds a better end product.
Which is part of the reason farms like CLS, Roy Farms and Hopsteiner spend hours catching up with brewers from around the country during the busiest five weeks of the hop growing season. Brewers descend on Yakima all at once. The quiet streets of Yakima fill up with the people who make some of America’s favorite craft beers. The hotels sell out and the bars fill up.
“It’s true we have a good relationship with the growers,” Kosmicki said. “We’re not just saying it because it’s a good marketing ploy, and you know this is a new relationship, there was no grower-brewer relationship seven or eight years ago.”
Now there’s no going back, and beer drinkers everywhere should appreciate that.
“One of the coolest things about this industry is the openness and being intimately involved in every aspect of what it takes to get a beer into these people’s hands,” Kosmicki said. “And it starts with our suppliers.”
